$ORACLE_HOME/spfile<SID명>.ora 서버의 parameter 지정 파일
$ORACLE_HOME/init<SID명>.ora DBA의 parameter 지정 파일
v$parameter
【예제】
SQL> show parameter
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY boolean FALSE
active_instance_count integer
aq_tm_processes integer 0
archive_lag_target integer 0
asm_diskgroups string
asm_diskstring string
asm_power_limit integer 1
asm_preferred_read_failure_groups string
audit_file_dest string /export/home/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string DB
background_core_dump string partial
background_dump_dest string /export/home/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
backup_tape_io_slaves boolean FALSE
bitmap_merge_area_size integer 1048576
blank_trimming boolean FALSE
buffer_pool_keep string
buffer_pool_recycle string
circuits integer
client_result_cache_lag big integer 3000
client_result_cache_size big integer 0
cluster_database boolean FALSE
cluster_database_instances integer 1
cluster_interconnects string
commit_logging string
commit_point_strength integer 1
commit_wait string
commit_write string
compatible string 11.1.0.0.0
control_file_record_keep_time integer 7
control_files string /export/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl,
/export/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl,
/export/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
control_management_pack_access string DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING
core_dump_dest string /export/home/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/cdump
cpu_count integer 1
create_bitmap_area_size integer 8388608
create_stored_outlines string
cursor_sharing string EXACT
cursor_space_for_time boolean FALSE
db_16k_cache_size big integer 0
db_2k_cache_size big integer 0
db_32k_cache_size big integer 0
db_4k_cache_size big integer 0
db_8k_cache_size big integer 0
db_block_buffers integer 0
db_block_checking string FALSE
db_block_checksum string TYPICAL
db_block_size integer 8192
db_cache_advice string ON
db_cache_size big integer 0
db_create_file_dest string
db_create_online_log_dest_1 string
db_create_online_log_dest_2 string
db_create_online_log_dest_3 string
db_create_online_log_dest_4 string
db_create_online_log_dest_5 string
db_domain string
db_file_multiblock_read_count integer 128
db_file_name_convert string
db_files integer 200
db_flashback_retention_target integer 1440
db_keep_cache_size big integer 0
db_lost_write_protect string NONE
db_name string orcl
db_recovery_file_dest string /export/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 2G
db_recycle_cache_size big integer 0
db_securefile string PERMITTED
db_ultra_safe string OFF
db_unique_name string orcl
db_writer_processes integer 1
dbwr_io_slaves integer 0
ddl_lock_timeout integer 0
dg_broker_config_file1 string /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/110.1/dbs/dr1orcl.dat
dg_broker_config_file2 string /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/110.1/dbs/dr2orcl.dat
dg_broker_start boolean FALSE
diagnostic_dest string /export/home/oracle
disk_asynch_io boolean TRUE
dispatchers string (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)
distributed_lock_timeout integer 60
dml_locks integer 748
drs_start boolean FALSE
enable_ddl_logging boolean FALSE
event string
fal_client string
fal_server string
fast_start_io_target integer 0
fast_start_mttr_target integer 0
fast_start_parallel_rollback string LOW
file_mapping boolean FALSE
fileio_network_adapters string
filesystemio_options string asynch
fixed_date string
gc_files_to_locks string
gcs_server_processes integer 0
global_context_pool_size string
global_names boolean FALSE
global_txn_processes integer 1
hash_area_size integer 131072
hi_shared_memory_address integer 0
hs_autoregister boolean TRUE
ifile file
instance_groups string
instance_name string orcl
instance_number integer 0
instance_type string RDBMS
java_jit_enabled boolean TRUE
java_max_sessionspace_size integer 0
java_pool_size big integer 0
java_soft_sessionspace_limit integer 0
job_queue_processes integer 1000
large_pool_size big integer 0
ldap_directory_access string NONE
ldap_directory_sysauth string no
license_max_sessions integer 0
license_max_users integer 0
license_sessions_warning integer 0
local_listener string LISTENER_ORCL
lock_name_space string
lock_sga boolean FALSE
log_archive_config string
log_archive_dest string
log_archive_dest_1 string
log_archive_dest_10 string
log_archive_dest_2 string
log_archive_dest_3 string
log_archive_dest_4 string
log_archive_dest_5 string
log_archive_dest_6 string
log_archive_dest_7 string
log_archive_dest_8 string
log_archive_dest_9 string
log_archive_dest_state_1 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_10 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_2 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_3 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_4 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_5 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_6 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_7 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_8 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_9 string enable
log_archive_duplex_dest string
log_archive_format string %t_%s_%r.dbf
log_archive_local_first boolean TRUE
log_archive_max_processes integer 4
log_archive_min_succeed_dest integer 1
log_archive_start boolean FALSE
log_archive_trace integer 0
log_buffer integer 3379712
log_checkpoint_interval integer 0
log_checkpoint_timeout integer 1800
log_checkpoints_to_alert boolean FALSE
log_file_name_convert string
max_commit_propagation_delay integer 0
max_dispatchers integer
max_dump_file_size string unlimited
max_enabled_roles integer 150
max_shared_servers integer
memory_max_target big integer 0
memory_target big integer 0
nls_calendar string
nls_comp string BINARY
nls_currency string
nls_date_format string
nls_date_language string
nls_dual_currency string
nls_iso_currency string
nls_language string AMERICAN
nls_length_semantics string BYTE
nls_nchar_conv_excp string FALSE
nls_numeric_characters string
nls_sort string
nls_territory string AMERICA
nls_time_format string
nls_time_tz_format string
nls_timestamp_format string
nls_timestamp_tz_format string
object_cache_max_size_percent integer 10
object_cache_optimal_size integer 102400
olap_page_pool_size big integer 0
open_cursors integer 300
open_links integer 4
open_links_per_instance integer 4
optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines boolean FALSE
optimizer_dynamic_sampling integer 2
optimizer_features_enable string 11.1.0.6
optimizer_index_caching integer 0
optimizer_index_cost_adj integer 100
optimizer_mode string ALL_ROWS
optimizer_secure_view_merging boolean TRUE
optimizer_use_invisible_indexes boolean FALSE
optimizer_use_pending_statistics boolean FALSE
optimizer_use_sql_plan_baselines boolean TRUE
os_authent_prefix string ops$
os_roles boolean FALSE
parallel_adaptive_multi_user boolean TRUE
parallel_automatic_tuning boolean FALSE
parallel_execution_message_size integer 2152
parallel_instance_group string
parallel_io_cap_enabled boolean FALSE
parallel_max_servers integer 20
parallel_min_percent integer 0
parallel_min_servers integer 0
parallel_server boolean FALSE
parallel_server_instances integer 1
parallel_threads_per_cpu integer 2
pga_aggregate_target big integer 204M
plscope_settings string IDENTIFIERS:NONE
plsql_ccflags string
plsql_code_type string INTERPRETED
plsql_debug boolean FALSE
plsql_native_library_dir string
plsql_native_library_subdir_count integer 0
plsql_optimize_level integer 2
plsql_v2_compatibility boolean FALSE
plsql_warnings string DISABLE:ALL
pre_page_sga boolean FALSE
processes integer 150
query_rewrite_enabled string TRUE
query_rewrite_integrity string enforced
rdbms_server_dn string
read_only_open_delayed boolean FALSE
recovery_parallelism integer 0
recyclebin string on
redo_transport_user string
remote_dependencies_mode string TIMESTAMP
remote_listener string
remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE
remote_os_authent boolean FALSE
remote_os_roles boolean FALSE
replication_dependency_tracking boolean TRUE
resource_limit boolean FALSE
resource_manager_cpu_allocation integer 1
resource_manager_plan string SCHEDULER[0x2C0F]:DEFAULT_MAINTENANCE_PLAN
result_cache_max_result integer 5
result_cache_max_size big integer 3168K
result_cache_mode string MANUAL
result_cache_remote_expiration integer 0
resumable_timeout integer 0
rollback_segments string
sec_case_sensitive_logon boolean TRUE
sec_max_failed_login_attempts integer 10
sec_protocol_error_further_action string CONTINUE
sec_protocol_error_trace_action string TRACE
sec_return_server_release_banner boolean FALSE
serial_reuse string disable
service_names string orcl
session_cached_cursors integer 50
session_max_open_files integer 10
sessions integer 170
sga_max_size big integer 616M
sga_target big integer 616M
shadow_core_dump string partial
shared_memory_address integer 0
shared_pool_reserved_size big integer 8178892
shared_pool_size big integer 0
shared_server_sessions integer
shared_servers integer 1
skip_unusable_indexes boolean TRUE
smtp_out_server string
sort_area_retained_size integer 0
sort_area_size integer 65536
spfile string /export/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/110.1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
sql92_security boolean FALSE
sql_trace boolean FALSE
sql_version string NATIVE
sqltune_category string DEFAULT
standby_archive_dest string ?/dbs/arch
standby_file_management string MANUAL
star_transformation_enabled string FALSE
statistics_level string TYPICAL
streams_pool_size big integer 0
tape_asynch_io boolean TRUE
thread integer 0
timed_os_statistics integer 0
timed_statistics boolean TRUE
trace_enabled boolean TRUE
tracefile_identifier string
transactions integer 187
transactions_per_rollback_segment integer 5
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS1
use_indirect_data_buffers boolean FALSE
user_dump_dest string /export/home/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
utl_file_dir string
workarea_size_policy string AUTO
xml_db_events string enable
SQL>
SQL> show parameter db_block_size;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_block_size integer 8192
SQL>